Rhetorical Analysis Of Red Jacket - 757 Words

Red Shirt’s Speech In 1800’s following the American Revolution, the new American Government and the indigenous Native American people had to learn how to coexist. In order to successful work with together, there was a need for translators and mediators. One of these mediators was named Red Jacket, a chief and orator for the Seneca Tribe in New York. For his leadership and efforts in maintaining peace, Red Jacket was recognized by President George Washington. In 1805, the U.S government sought to proselytize, convert the Native Americans to Christianity, the Seneca tribe which was met by opposition from Red Jacket and his people. In the speech, Red Jacket Defends Native American Religion, 1805, Red Jacket builds an argument to persuade his†¦show more content†¦At first the Indians welcomed the Americans with open arms and generosity and were in turn given â€Å"poison†, alcohol diseases, and a war. If these men who devastated his people were Christians, then it is not a religion h is people are interested in. Furthermore, Red Jacket uses the past to tell the British how the Great Spirit created, has guided, and provided for his people over the years. It was not until the America â€Å"forefathers† came to the Seneca Tribe, that conflict began to arise. With that it goes to say that the religion that is associated with these men is not a good religion. Lastly, Red Jacket logically counteracts the American’s claims that his people are lost with their own religion. He goes about proving this with logos which appeals to a person’s logic and reasoning. The argument he uses is that his people are content with their religion as are the British. He believes that the two things should live independently. The British came to their land with lies and poison and the least they could do is leave them with the religious practices. He also believes the logic that the Americans are using for proselytizing is invalid. They claim their religion is the right one because it has been passed from father to son in a book. However, the Seneca’s religion was also passed from father to son if their book is the right religious text, why was it not given to the Seneca’s as well. The Great Spirit, according to Red jacket† has served his people well andShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Am A Crisis864 Words   |  4 P agesRhetorical Analysis of â€Å"I am a Crisis† In 2012, the British Red Cross released a public service announcement called â€Å"I am a Crisis.† The short advert was about how â€Å"a crisis can happen to anyone.† (HelloImAPizza) It aired all across the United Kingdom and even social media. The advert has gathered thousands of views through the years, which means many have heard its important message. 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The Hours, a postmodernist fabric woven out of intertextual references, uses pastiche as its primary rhetorical device. 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Analyzing Social Roles as Constructs Pertinent to Sex

Francis Chechile Analyzing Social Roles as Constructs Pertinent to Sex. In Shakespeare’s Taming of the Shrew as well as Manuel Puig’s Kiss of the Spider Woman the characters feel conflict between society’s rules and their more private desires. They are forced to perform social roles that are in a more private respect artificial. This pertains mostly to social roles that define sexuality. Elizabethan ideas of social roles were inextricably bound with gender. The social role of women, especially in courting and marriage arrangements was strictly a business matter. The business was to protect or increase the family fortune and stabilize the inheritance of wealth. Women brought dowries and the ability to produce heirs. Men were expected to†¦show more content†¦The characters exist in a time where traditional gender and social conventions were predominant. Men were given more power than women as they were seen as more logical and rational thinkers. This relates back to a scene where Molina and Valentin are talking about women bei ng gentile, and men being brutes. â€Å"But if men acted like women there wouldn’t be any more torturers.† â€Å"And you, what would you do without men?† â€Å"You’re right. They’re mostly brutes, but I like them.’†(29). This reinforces the notion that Valentin’s character abides by the male stereotype. On the other hand, Molina would definitely relate back to the women of the time. Molina relating to the role of females at the time is reinforced by the fact that he relates to the heroines in the films he retells. He shares similar qualities with the women in the movies and feels that he can relate with them. Molina refers to how he feels about himself, a woman. â€Å"‘Listen, I’m sorry, when it comes to him I can’t talk about myself like a man, because I don’t feel like one.’†(60). 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Common Condition Affecting About Half a Million the Australians

Question: How Common Condition Affecting About Half A Million Australians? Answer: Introduction Heart failure(HF) is a common condition affecting about half a million Australians. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, frequent hospitalization and massive cost to the health care system(Krum Driscoll,2013).Heart failure is a pathophysiological state in which an abnormality of the heart interferes with its ability to perform its normal blood pumping function.Hypertension, Diabetes, Hypercholesterolemia, Obesity and Coronary artery disease are some of the several factors contributing to heart failure (Fitchett, et al 2016).This paper closely examines treatment options and discusses priority aspects of clinical and nursing care of a patient with heart failure. Brief Patient History Mr.X(Pseudonym) is a 58 year old male who has been diagnosed with heart failure. The patient has past historyof hypertension, atrial fibrillation diabetes, obesity, sleep-apnea and hyperthyroidism. He is a social drinker and occasional smoker.He lost his parents to cardiac arrest and HF.He had been undergoing treatment with ACE(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibitors, Anti-platelets, Statinsand Diuretics in the ward . Rationale for the initial treatment The etiologyof HF most commonly is that of an ischemic event, primarily affecting the left ventricle causing loss of contractility and hence overtime, an excessive fluid overload in the body causing congestion in various organs. .The primary goal is to optimize cardiopulmonary function .Treatment was focused on treating Mr.Xs hypertension. He was treated with ACE inhibitors as his ejection fraction was 40%.Studies have shown that ACE inhibitors are vasodilators which help to control blood pressure and improve ventricular function and patients well-being. They can be inter changed with ARB(Angiotensin Receptor Blocker),if patient cannot tolerate ACEI(Lacey,2009).Mr.X was treated with diuretics (Spirinolactone) which is analdosterone receptor antagonist as he exhibited signs of pitting edema and dyspnea.These drugs help trigger the body to excrete excess sodium. This would in turn favor the healing process by lowering the volume of blood that the heart has to pump argues Valentova, and von Haehling, (2014). Close monitoring of renal function, electrolyte levels fluid balance and urine output are therefore needed(Riley,2015).Mr.Xwas advised to continue his regular dose of warfarin to keep his atrial fibrillation under control.Measures were taken to regularly check his blood sugars and administer medicationsin order to maintain tight glycemic control. Mr.X was advised about lifestyle modifications to control his weight and ways to relieve stress that contributed to the worsening of his condition. The units policy is to educate patients and the family or career about the patients medication, side effects including strict adherence to the medication and flexible diuretic regimen. Daily weight of the patient is done .Diet modification with less salt and fluid restriction, intake of lean meat and vegetables is encouraged with the advice from the dietician. Patients are involved in exercise programs with the assistance of physiotherapists. Common success rates of the initial treatment Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for individuals. Adults with diabetes are 2 to 4 times more likely to have heart hypertension and dyslipidemia and they commonly coexist in people with it (Worel,2016).Studies have shown that vasodilators (ACE inhibitors or ARB) reverse maladaptive neurohumoral and hemodynamic responses in heart failure, they are well tolerated, improve signs and symptoms, and reduce mortality by 15 to 40% depending upon the degree of initial cardiac functional impairment . It was seen that in patients with EF(ejection fraction) 35%, the addition of spironolactone to a regime of ACE inhibitors and diuretics reduced morbidity by 35% and mortality by 30% at 24 months(PoppasRounds,2002). Warfarin should be reserved for patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation, although it is often prescribed (without supporting data) for patients with marked dilatation of their left atrium and/or ventricle because of concerns about an increased risk of thromboembolism(KrumDriscoll,2013). Among all therapies, increased success rates are found to be with changes in lifestyle measures, that have been found to be useful in supporting the patient. These include exercise (usually a graded exercise program, initially under the supervision of a physiotherapist or heart failure nurse), dietary salt restriction, alcohol restriction and weight loss in overweight patients. Patients should be encouraged to consume an adequate but restricted volume of fluid. This is particularly critical in patients who have low serum sodium levels, which is often seen in the setting of heart failure due to activation of neurohormones such as arginine vasopressin. Appropriate treatment of commonly associated conditions, such as hypertension, arrhythmia, sleep apnea, depression, anemia and iron deficiency, is also critical in the optimal management of patients with HF(Krum Driscoll,2013). Unpredicted response/ lack of response In the initial treatment, Mr.Xseemed non-compliant with the fluid restriction, use of his (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)CPAP mask for sleep apnea and refused to immobilize despite several attempts and proper explanation by the medical team. Due to his low EF(40%),his vital signs remained unstable with his heart rate increasing between 160-180in uncontrolled atrial fibrillation(Stone, et al 2014)and patient repeatedly suffering from flashes of pulmonary edema. The nurses had also underestimated the sleep apnea condition and could not force with the application of CPAP oververnight(Stone, et al 2014).With all the existing co-morbidities and non-compliance of the patient to the treatment the patient deteriorated and had to be transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU)for further care. HF, irrespective of whether it has been detected on the basis of being actively treated (for example, during a hospital admission) or in otherwise asymptomatic individuals, is a lethal condition(McmurrayStewart,2000). Mosterd and Hoes(2007),state that patients in heart failure acutely present with worsening clinical symptoms like cardiogenic shock ,pulmonary edema , hypotension etc within 24 hours of hospital admission. Nursing care during this unpredicted response changed to prioritize and stabilize Mr.X. Assessments were done to check the patients hemodynamic status (BP, Pulse, Temp), objective measurement of dyspnea status (RR, oxygen saturation, work of breathing),ECG, check were done for jugular venous pressure,chest auscultation for breath sounds and for signs of pulmonary congestion(rales,rhonchi,pitting edema).Mr. X was given emotional support as he was anxious and social support was provided to his family during this situation. Reason and associated factors that influenced treatment HF is a leading cause of hospitalization among patients aged 65 years or older.The primary mode of death among HF patients is variable, according to New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class. The NYHA classification is a useful way of categorizing the severity of heart failure in individual patients and this categorization also has prognostic utility. Patients with NYHA class II symptoms are at a proportionally higher risk of sudden cardiac death while those with NYHA class IV symptoms have a one-year mortality as high as 75% with a significantly higher risk of dying of progressive heart failure characterized by worsening shortness of breath, orthopnea, hypotension, and decreasing level of consciousness(Scarabelli etal,2015).Coronary artery disease may also play a role in the progression of heart failure through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction, ischemia, and infarction. Studies show that patients with anemia have known to deteriorate due to further neurohormonal ac tivation(Dumitru etal,2016) and sleep apnea contributing to ventricular arrhythmias.These are some of the groups of patients with these co-morbidities who may not respond to the initial treatment. As in the case of Mr.X, he had most of the conditions as mentioned above like atrial fibrillation ,diabetes,sleep apnea, hypertension and obesity and his non-compliance with the therapeutic regimen which contributed to influence his response to treatment in slow progression. The development of episodes of acute pulmonary edema and tachycardia made his condition critical. Mann, et al (2014) suggests that the medications administered to the patient has always been important and plays a key role in the treatment of HF. There are no identified cases of people who did not respondto medications such as the ACE inhibitors ,ARB or to aldosterone antagonists. As a matter of fact, these interventions have always beenthe common success for this condition.Some of the reasons and associated factors that may be identified in respect to this case may be the dilemma of the health practitioners in identifying the stage of failure and the exact treatment for the patient. Subsequent treatment following the unsuccessful response Mr.X was intubated for 3 days after which he was extubated and transferred to the Coronary Care Unit for the insertion of an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator(ICD).During his stay in the ICU, he was started on inotropes for his hypotension, and his anti-hypertensives were held during this time. He was on regular diuretics which prevent the retention of salt and water thus reducing preload .Anti-platelets such as Warfarin was continued to prevent the risk of thromboembolism along with regular checks onMr.Xs international normalized ratios( INR).Beta blockers were introduced in order to control his heart rate. Special care was taken to check his electrolytes regularly. Mr.X showed a positive response to the treatment and was given strict advice on the use of CPAP machine for his sleep apnea. The frequent periods of hypoxia and repeated nighttime arousals due to sleep apnea rigger adrenergic surges, which can worsen hypertension and impair systolic and diastolic function (Ramani et al,2010). He was involved in a weight control program and educated on healthy food habits and regular exercise. His family was involved in his care. He was educated about his medications ,to regularly check his blood pressure and to attend the follow-up visits. The Nurse is an important member in the multi-disciplinary team.Coordination of care in this manner can reduce the need for hospitalization for heart failure and can result in improvement in quality of life for patients.Additional strategies which appear to be effective include the utilization of nurse practitioners who may follow up patients in their own home, following an episode of decompensated heart failure(Gillespie,2006). Subsequent treatment and nursing implications The alternate treatment is included in the units policy however on very strict conditions that it can only be done on patients who are in the intensive care unit. However, as observed from the case of Mr. X, it is clear that the alternate treatment which includes emotional support needs to be included in the units policy in order to take care of such exceptional cases. Some of the nursing implications that may result from this treatment include loss of water and important mineral salts through the use of diuretics. In conclusion, it is clear to suggest that surgical operations are essential in the treatment of heart failure which has complicated condition that is caused by secondary infections such as arterial fibrillation and sleep apnea. Amongst the many operations involved, heart transplant remains the last effective option of controlling the infection. The initial treatment however remains medication mainly the use of ACE tablets, catheter ablation and use of BPAP. However for patients who do not respond to this treatment, surgical operations involving heart reconstruction and heart transplant then becomes the second operation for such patients (Yancy, et al 2013). References Diabetes: New Evidence Informs Changes In Standards Of Care,Vol 31(3), pp:196-200 itruI ,Ooi ,Baker MM,(2016),Heart failure treatment and management,Heart.org ,Accessed on 20April 2017,https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/163062-overview. Fitchett, D., Zinman, B., Wanner, C., Lachin, J. M., Hantel, S., Salsali, A., ... Inzucchi, S. E. (2016). Heart failure outcomes with empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk: results of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial.European heart journal,37(19), 1526-1534. Gillespie ND,(2006), The diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the older patient, Br Med Bull, 75-76(1), pp:49-62. Krum H, Driscoll A,(2013), Management of heart failure, Med J Aust, vol199(5) ,pp:334-339 Lacey B, (2009), Nursing made incredibly easy ,Vol 7 ,pp:12-21. Mann, D. L., Zipes, D. P., Libby, P., Bonow, R. O. (2014).Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. McMurray JJ, Stewart S, (2000),Epidemiology, Etiology Prognosis of Heart Failure, BMJ, Vol 83,(5), pp:596-600. Mosterd A, Hoes AW,(2007),Clinical epidemiology of heart failure, BMJ, Vol193(9), pp:1137-1146. Poppas A, Rounds S, (2002),Congestive heart failure,AJRCCM, Vol 165(1),pp:35-40. Ramani VG, Uber PA, Mehra MR, (2010), Chronic heart failure :Contemporary diagnosis and management, PMC ,Vol85(2), pp:180-195. Riley J, (2015), The key roles for the nurse in Acute Heart Failure Management, CFR, Vol(1),pp:20-25. Scarabelli CC,Saravolatz L, Hirish B,Agrawal P,Scarabelli TM,2015, Dilemmas in end stage heart failure, Journal of Geriatric Cardiology,Vol12(1),pp:37-65. Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Merz, C. N. B., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., ... McBride, P. (2014). 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults.Circulation,129(25 suppl 2), S1-S45. Valentova, M., von Haehling, S. (2014). An overview of recent developments in the treatment of heart failure: update from the ESC Congress 2013. Worel JN, Hayman ,Laura LL, ( 2016 Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, E., Drazner, M. H., ... Johnson, M. R. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure.CirculationCIR-0b013e31829e8776. Yared, N., Georgakopoulos, D., Lovett, E. G. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,600,511. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Open Source Software In University Education †Free Samples

Questions: 1.What important ideas and approaches does the teaching of open-source software expose to students, and how are these likely to be employed in a student's future computing-focused career? 2.Do you believe that universities have a moral obligation to promote the use of open-source software within the computing industry? Answers: In contrast to proprietary software development models, are open source software models. Tan, (2008), points out that proprietary software companies do not make available the source codes programs for their software while those for open source software make available the source code programs. Open source software has become more available and more used in the last decade. Universities around the world utilize open source software in their various aspects of training. It should be noted that the free software reference does not depict that a software can be obtained without monetary cost but the freedom in which software can be obtained without any struggles whatsoever. For universities, this means that an open source software can be downloaded and installed in any amount of computers they desire. If any changes are required to fit the model of teaching, a university is allowed to do so. As much as the utilization of open source software for teaching is viewed as easy, it has great im plications on the future careers of students who take information technology related courses. This is because the real world out there does not consider open source software as consequential to the operation as proprietary software. Vargas Martin, (2011), reiterates that proprietary software is usually of very high quality. The viable reason why universities teaching computer courses do not make use of the proprietary software in teaching is that academic institutions are usually constrained in their use of proprietary software. As much as the license agreements are clear, most universities find themselves on violation of the user license agreement and face litigation. Use of proprietary software in universities require a high level of administrative accountability which may be a problem. This paper focuses on the utilization of open source software for teaching computer courses in universities and its effect on careers for students. 1. It is clear that open source software usually offers significant benefits as compared to proprietary software when it comes to teaching. Proprietary software is consequential in the business field so as to give an organization a competitive advantage in a market. The teaching of open source software to students provides them with an opportunity to have awareness. One of the important goals of the graduate course is to introduce students to a research area. Using open source technologies is one advantage of introducing information technology students on the fact that the many technologies that exist hence increasing their awareness in the field of computer technology. According to Management Association, Information Resources, (2014), open source software makes students to be more conversant with all types of technologies thus making them have explicit knowledge in the field of computing. Students are exposed to more knowledge in computing by experimenting on different software whi ch is easily accessible and have the allowance of alterations. As much as students are usually seen studying the backgrounds of many subjects, it is imperative that they should have background knowledge of open source software which is used in the operation of billions of electronic devices. In a business context where a student career is eminent, the awareness of the many functions and existence of software makes the student have the flexibility and freedom in operating proprietary software (Koch, andNeumann, 2008). A lot of commercial software usually claim that they have flexibility as in inbuilt feature, some of which are undoubtedly true. Flexibility in this context is the ability of software to be in tandem with business change, and solutions should not be constrained by the use of the software. To obtained flexibility at this architectural level, a student who has spent college years learning computer technology using open source software will have the upper hand in ensuring that even a proprietary software conforms to the ideals and the wishes of a company. Open source software is consequential to many students across the globe. Students in university undertaking computer technology courses can reiterate that a significant amount of time is needed for one to practice so as to be able to be a professional. This training requires them to have a wide range of software in place. However, students cannot afford to purchase commercial software hence open source software is the only tool for practice (Kong, 2014). If their respective universities use proprietary software, then it will not be possible for the students to have the software installed in their machines and conduct practice at their own free time. Experimentation platforms such as the Raspberry Pi has helped many students to enhance their skills in computer technology. As per Browning, (2010), it is no secret that open source software are assisting many university students in enhancing their learning and helping them explore areas they have never done before. With this level of pra ctice, students are becoming better hence become more competent when they graduate from universities. In the business world, a software is a tool needed for any job hence a necessary evil (Weber, 2004). Unless there are changes needed or a new software comes up, then there is no reason whatsoever to alter the available software. However, in the bid to make more money, software vendors usually employ some tactics such alleged improvements in the existing software to have the users upgrade. A professional who has spent ones college years practicing with open source software will have the necessary knowledge in determining whether the changes in upgrades are authentic or not. However, in the real world in computing career business are completely aware that there is no technology that is static hence software upgrades are necessary so as to be in tandem with the current technology (Whelan, and Firth, 2012). For this reason, those individuals who are conversant with open sources software usually need to help business use open source software which is affordable. 2. Free software has become the foundation of learning because students can be able to share knowledge and build upon the existing knowledge (Persico et al., 2014). In this regard, universities are more than ethical to use open source software in teaching. It may be argued that university does not promote ethical qualifications that computing students should possess. At present, many people who are not in the education sector, are using proprietary software which denies users the freedom and benefits (Reynolds, 2014). This means that one tries to copy the program to another computer, one will be found to be in violation and arrested and jailed. One cannot make a copy of a proprietary program to go and see how it works (Kelly, 2008). When universities apply the use of such commercial program, the intended purpose of teaching students will be lost. This is because students will not be able to have the knowledge in figuring out how a program works and developing the necessary skills in being able to develop own software or being able to make any corrections to a software. The developers of proprietary software usually spy on the users of the software and ensure that they restrict the users from sharing any information or idea that regards a software. Since computers contain extremely confidential information of peoples lives, proprietary software depicts a danger to the privacy of this free society. In the light of the above knowledge, regardless of what the critics think, it is evident that universities have the moral obligation to use open source software in their teaching. The staggering high cost of integrating proprietary software in the teaching of university students is not a secret (Tiako, 2009). The funding of bringing proprietary software into universities for teaching computer students can either come from a universitys budget or special sources such as government incentives. To have a quality learning experience, students can be required to expense on the proprietary software by fee increment. This means that the parents and the guardians of such students will be coerced to dig deep into their pocket to cater for the unprecedented fee increment. In such a situation, many students will tend to halt their education due to some of their parents or guardian will be unable to cater for such additional expenses. In this regard, it is a moral obligation for universities to use open source software so as to create an opportunity for students to learn. Use of commercial software damages social cohesion. Case in point, suppose a student finds a program that will be useful to contribute to enhancing learning for other students. It is clear that a wise student would ensure that one shares the software since it is the moral thing to do so that ones colleagues can also benefit. The fact that commercial software only permits one to use a program alone is divisive and detrimental to the relation and interaction of students. Also, students who cannot afford a commercial software will end up to be less knowledgeable than those who have access to commercial software. As much as a university may receive criticism from the computing industry, utilization of open source software enhances integration among students hence a moral obligation. In conclusion, universities have been under a lot of pressure to ensure that they integrate proprietary software to teach their technology students. However, the unavoidable part is to ensure that universities have the software that will enable the students to learn and practice effectively. The movements for open source software has recently reached a visible status. Despite the fact that comments in the use of open source software in a teaching of universities students are derogatory, it is a plain fact that open source software gives students an opportunity to expand on their skills and become better at computer technology. References Association, Information Resources, M. (2014).Open Source Technology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. 1st ed. IGI Global, p.609. Browning, J. (2010).Open-source solutions in education. 1st ed. Santa Rosa, CA: Informing Science Press, p.112. Kelly, G. 2008, "A collaborative process for evaluating new educational technologies",Campus - Wide Information Systems,vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 105-113. Koch, S. Neumann, C. 2008, "Exploring the Effects of Process Characteristics on Product Quality in Open Source Software Development",Journal of Database Management,vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 31-57. Kong, A. (2014). 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